Who is most closely associated with Natural Law Theory?

Natural Law Theory is primarily associated with Thomas Aquinas, who articulated a comprehensive framework that connects human morality to a higher moral order inherent in nature. Aquinas believed that human beings could discern moral truths through reason, which he associated with divine law. He posited that natural laws are universal principles that align with human nature and that individuals are morally obligated to follow these principles in their lives.

Aquinas' view establishes a foundation for understanding ethics through the lens of a natural moral order that exists independently of human-made laws. This contrasts with other thinkers, such as John Locke, who emphasized individual rights and social contract theory, or Immanuel Kant, who focused on duty and categorical imperatives. Thomas Hobbes, on the other hand, emphasized a more pragmatic view of morality shaped by social contracts rather than natural law. Thus, Aquinas’ comprehensive treatment of Natural Law Theory solidifies his central role in this ethical framework.